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TK5551
Standard Read/Write ID Transponder with Anticollision
Description
The TK5551 is a complete programmable R/W transponder which implements all important functions for identification systems, including anticollision (e.g. 10 transponders in < 500 ms dependent on the application). It allows the contactless reading and writing of data which are transmitted bidirectionally between a read/ write basestation and the transponder. It is a plastic-cube device which accomodates the IDIC *) e5551 and also the antenna realized as an LC-circuit. No additional external power supply is necessary for the transponder because it receives power from the RF field generated by the base station. Data are transmitted by modulating the amplitude of the RF field. The TK5551 can be used to adjust and modify the ID-code or any other stored data, e.g. rolling code systems. The on-chip 264-Bit EEPROM (8 blocks, 33 bits per block) can be read and written blockwise from the base station. The blocks can be protected against overwriting. One block is reserved for setting the operation modes of the IC. Another block can obtain a password to prevent unauthorized writing. For detailed technical information about functions, configurations etc., please refer to the e5551 data sheet.
Features
D Anticollision ID transponder in plastic cube for R/W D Contactless read/write data transmission D Inductive coupled power supply at 125 kHz D Basic component: R/W IDIC e5551 D Anticollision mode by password request D E.g. 10 transponders read out in < 500 ms (RF/32; maxblock 2) dependent on the application D Built-in coil and capacitor for circuit antenna D Starts with cyclical data read out D 224-bit EEPROM user programmable in 32-bit blocks D Typical < 50 ms to write and verify a block RF field D Write protection by lock bits D Malprogramming protection D Options set by EEPROM: Bitrate [bit/s]: RF/8, RF/16, RF/32, RF/40, RF/50, RF/64, RF/100, RF/128 Modulation: BIN, FSK, PSK, Manchester, Biphase
Application
D Access control D Process control and automation D Installation and medical equipment D Asset management Transponder TK5551 (e5551 + coil + C in plastic cube) C e5551
Power Data Coil
Base station U2270B read/ write IC MARC4 series mC
Figure 1. Transponder and base station
*)
IDIC stands for IDentification Integrated Circuit and is a trademark of TEMIC Semiconductors.
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Ordering Information
Extended Type Number TK5551A-PP Package Remarks Plastic cube All kind of modulation; RF/8, RF/16, RF/32, RF/40, RF/50,RF/64, RF/100 and RF/128 *) Default programmed: Manchester Modulation, RF/32, MAXBLK = 2
*) see datasheet e5551
General
The transponder is the mobile part of the closed coupled identification system (see figure 1), whereas the read/ write base station is basing on the U2270B or on discrete solutions, and the read/ write transponder is basing on the IDIC e5551. The transponder is a plastic-cube device consisting of following parts: D The transponder antenna, realized as tuned LC-circuit D Read/ write IDIC (e5551) with EEPROM
The Read/ Write IDIC e5551
The read/ write IDIC e5551 is part of the transponder TK5551. The data are transmitted bidirectionally between the base station and the transponder. The transponder receives power via a single coil from the RF signal generated by the base station. The single coil is connected to the chip and also serves as the IC's bidirectional communication interface. Data are transmitted by modulating the amplitude of the RF signal. Reading of register contents occurs by damping the coil by an internal load. Writing into registers occurs by interrupting the RF field in a specific way. The TK5551 transponder operates at a nominal frequency of 125 kHz. There are different bit rates and encoding schemes. The on-chip 264-bit EEPROM (8 block, 33 bits each) can be read and written blockwise from the base station. The blocks can be protected against overwriting by using lock bits. One block is reserved for setting the operation modes of the IC. Another block containes a password to prevent unauthorized writing. See e5551 data sheet for more detailed information of IDIC .
POR
The Transponder Antenna
The antenna consists of a coil and a capacitor for tuning the circuit to the nominal carrier frequency of 125 kHz. The coil has a ferrite core for improving the distance of read, write and programming operations.
Modulator Coil1 Mode register Analog front end Write decoder Memory
(264 bit EEPROM) Controller Bitrate generator Input register
Coil2
Test logic
HV generator
Vdd
Vss
Test pads
Figure 2. Block diagram e5551
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Electrical Characteristics Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameters Operating temperature range Storage temperature range Maximum assembly temperature, t < 5 min. Magnetic field strength at 125 kHz Symbol Tamb Tstg Tass Hpp Value -40 to +85 -40 to +125 170 1000 Unit C C C A/m
Operating Characteristics Transponder
Tamb = 25C, f = 125 kHz if not otherwise noted
Parameters Inductance LC circuit, HPP = 20 A/m Resonance frequency Quality factor Magnetic field strength (H) Parameters Max. field strength where tag does not modulate Minimum field strength Read mode, write mode Test Conditions No influence to other transponders in the field Tamb = -40C Tamb = 25C Tamb = 85C Tamb = 25C T = 25C Symbol Hpp not Min. Typ. 4 Max. Unit A/m Test Conditions Symbol L fr QLC Min. Typ. 3.8 125 13 Max. Unit mH kHz
Room temperature
120
130
Programming mode Data retention EEPROM Programming cycles EEPROM Programming time / block Maximum field strength
Hpp -40 Hpp 25 Hpp 85 Hpp tretention
30 18 17 50 10 100,000 16 600
A/m A/m A/m A/m Years
RF = 125 kHz
tp Hpp max
ms A/m
Modulation range (see also H-DV curve) Parameters Modulation range Test Conditions Hpp = 20 A/m Hpp = 30 A/m Hpp = 50 A/m Hpp = 100 A/m Symbol DV Min. Typ. 4.0 6.0 8.0 8.0 Max. Unit V
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4 TK of resonance frequency ( % ) 3 2 DV (V) -20 0 20 40 60 Temperature ( C ) 80 100 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -40 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 20 40 60 80 Hpp (A/m) 100 120
Figure 3. Typical TK-range of resonance frequency
Figure 4. Typical H-DV curve
Output voltage of the testing application
V1
Vmod
DV = V1-Vmod
Figure 5. Measurement of the modulation range DV
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Measurement Assembly
All parameters are measured in a Helmholtz-arrangement, which generates a homogenous magnetic field (see figure 6 and 7). A function generator drives the field generating coils, so the magnetic field can be varied in frequency and field strength.
SENSING COILS ( IN PHASE ) SUBTRACTOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER 1:10 REFERENCE COIL ( IN PHASE ) REFERENCE COIL ( IN PHASE )
TK5551
FIELD GENERATING COILS ( IN PHASE )
FUNCTION GENERATOR
Figure 6. Testing application
30mm
15mm
TK5551
24mm 60mm
REFERENCE COIL
2mm SENSING COIL SENSING COIL
REFERENCE COIL
5mm FIELD GENERATING COIL FIELD GENERATING COIL
Figure 7. Testing geometry
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TK5551
Writing Data into the TK5551
The write sequence of the TK5551 is shown below. Writing data into the transponder occurs by interrupting the RF field with short gaps. After the start gap the standard write OP-code (10) is followed by the lockbit. The next 32 bits contain the actual data. The last 3 bits denote the destination block address. If the correct number of bits have been received, the actual data is programmed into the specified memory block.
RF field
Standard OP-code 1 0 0
32 bit
Address bits (e.g. block 4) 1 0 0 > 64 clocks
Start gap Read mode
Lock bit Write mode
Figure 8. Write protocol
Write Data Decoding
The time elapsing between two detected gaps is used to encode the information. As soon as a gap is detected, a counter starts counting the number of field clock cycles until the next gap will be detected. Depending on how many field clocks elapse, the data is regarded as '0' or '1'. The required number of field clocks is shown in figure 9. A valid '0' is assumed if the number of counted clock periods is between 16 and 32, for a valid '1' it is 48 or 64 respectively. Any other value being detected results in an error, and the device exits write mode and returns to read mode.
Field clock cycles Write data decoder
1 fail
16 0
32 fail
48 1
64 writing done
12445
Figure 9. Write data decoding scheme
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Behavior of the Real Device
The TK5551 detects a gap if the voltage across the coils decreases below the threshold value of an internal MOS transistor. Until then, the clock pulses are counted. The number given for a valid '0' or '1' (see figure 9), refer to the actual clock pulses counted by the device. However, there are always more clock pulses being counted than where applied by the base station. The reason for this is the fact, that a RF field cannot be switched off immediately. The coil voltage decreases exponentially. So although the RF field coming from the base station is switched off, it takes some time until the voltage across the coils reaches the threshold value of an internal MOS transistor and the device detects the gap. Referring to the following diagram (figure 10) this means that the device uses the times t0 internal and t1 internal. The exact times for t0 and t1 are dependent on the application (e.g., field strength, etc.) Measured write-time frames of the IDIC demokit software are: t0 = 50 to 130 ms t1 = 270 to 390 ms tgap = 180 to 400 ms Antennas with a high Q-factor require longer times for tgap and shorter time values for t0 and t1.
Coil voltage
t1 1
tgap t0 0 1
Coil voltage
t1 1
tgap t0 0 t0 internal 1
t1 internal
Gap detect Ideal behavior RF level reduces to zero immediately Gap detect Real behavior
12446
RF level decreases exponentially
Figure 10. Ideal and real behavior signals
Operating Distance
The maximum distance between the base station and the TK5551 depends mainly on the base station, the coil geometries and the modulation options chosen (see U2270B Antenna Design Hints and the U2270B data sheet). Under laboratory conditions, a distance of up to 9 cm can be reached. For the optimized distance, please refer to the application note. When using the TEMIC U2270B demo board, the typical distances in the range of 0 to 5 cm can be achieved.
Anticollision Mode by Password Request (AOR = answer on request)
The AOR mode is an anticollision procedure for transponders to read e.g. 10 transponders in the field during 500 ms (RF/32; maxblock 2). The number of transponders and the time to read out are dependent on the application. If the AOR mode has been configured by AOR bit at block 0, the transponder remains in sleep mode during putting it into the field. If the specified "AOR wake-up" command is sent, the dedicated transponder generates an internal RESET (see e5551 data sheet: OP-code formats). Due to the RESET the transponder is woken up. That means, the transponder is able to modulate the field (read mode). The "AOR wake-up" command consists of the OP-code and the 32-bit password. The time duration to send the "AOR wake-up" sequence is between 8.7 ms and 27.5 ms according to figure 10. The time duration is dependent on the min./max. values of the measured write-time frames and the content of the password. To select another transponder in the field, it is necessary to send the "stop OP code" to stop the modulation of the transponder.
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Application
110 kW 5V VBatt 47 nF 22 mF 680 pF Input 4.7 kW 1N4148 470 kW C31 Power Data COIL2 1.5 nF 1.2 nF 1.35 mH R Read/write circuit COIL1 DGND GND VSS 100 nF Microcontroller DVS VEXT VS U2270B RF MS CFE OE Standby Output Gain BP00 BP01 BP02 BP03 BP10 5V VDD M44C260
osc IN 32 kHz
osc OUT
e5551 Transponder TK5551
fres +
1 + 125 kHz 2p LC
12456
Figure 11. Complete transponder system with the read/write base station IC U2270B
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Package Information
Dimensions in mm
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TK5551
Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement
It is the policy of TEMIC Semiconductor GmbH to 1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements. 2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs). The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. TEMIC Semiconductor GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents. 1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively 2. Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA 3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively. TEMIC Semiconductor GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances.
We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice. Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use TEMIC Semiconductors products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify TEMIC Semiconductors against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. TEMIC Semiconductor GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2594, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423
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